| |
A Nursing School for the New Century
1917 National League for Nursing publishes the Standard Curriculum for Nursing, a three-year program, which is adopted by the School of Nursing .
1919 High school education becomes a prerequisite for school admission.
1928 University Schools for Nursing established.
1929 The Beth Israel Training School moves to a new facility on 16 th Street (now the Dazian Pavilion) with dormitories on the 6 th and 9 th floors. The first school pin in 10K gold was ordered from Tiffany's at a cost of $10.50.
|
Female immigrants at Ellis Island circa 1900
|
In 1900, 40% of the 3.5 million in New York City were immigrants. By 1905, the Jewish population of New York had reached 600,000. Demand for Beth Israel's services presented a formidable challenge and the recruitment of nurses became a priority.
In 1902, the Beth Israel School of Nursing was founded. In 1904, it was chartered by the Board of Regents of the State of New York . The school mirrored the historical movement of nursing in the United States ; nurses in training provided "service" at the hospital.
|
In 1904, the Beth Israel School of Nursing consisted of a two year curriculum, which quickly became two and a half. Students lived in the hospital and had to follow strict rules to establish the professionalism the field previously lacked. Students signed in and out whenever they left the dorm and worked six days a week for $10 a month
The parameters of hospital training schools for nurses were not clearly defined until after World War II. Knowledge of anatomy, physiology and hygiene were deemed necessary, but theoretical courses were thought incidental to hard work. Student nurses spent most of their time in the hospital attending patients.
In 1906, the New York State Education Department prepared "A Curriculum for Schools of Nursing." Guidelines were established for formal training in a three year program including course work in basic sciences, nursing, and experience caring for patients with medical, surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, and special disease conditions.
|
|
Nursing in the early 1900’s
|
Early 20th century hospital bed
|
Early 20th century nurses treating a patient
|
At the forefront of new technologies, Beth Israel deployed the latest x-ray therapy, heliotherapy, and innovative apparatus for physical therapy. A department for relief and prevention of heart disease was established in 1916 when heart disease surpassed tuberculosis as a leading cause of death.
Beth Israel became a charter member of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York from which it received much financial and spiritual support, which continues to this day.
In 1920, a study known as he Goldmark Report emphasized nursing education and recommended schools have separate governing boards from hospitals. They advised students work no more than forty-eight hours a week, a high school education be required for admission, and training focus on education and not the provision of service. If put into practice, the new recommendations would intensify nurse training by reducing length while increasing the depth of education.
|
|
 Beth Israel nurse practicing with artificial patient
|
|
Beth Israel nurses in 1928
|
| |
Nursing evolved along with medicine and hospitals. Revolutionary changes in care transformed nurse's roles; childbirth occurred in hospitals instead of homes, anesthesia, obstetrical surgery, improved aseptic techniques and infant care (along with the creation of the incubator) brought nurses into hospitals in increasing numbers.
Surgical techniques on the chest, brain, heart and other body parts became common procedures aided by blood transfusions. Chemotherapy, X-rays, penicillin and other antibiotics were administered in the hospital.
Vitamins and innovative nutritional concepts helped to control rickets, pellagra, beriberi and anemia. Immunizations against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, yellow fever, malaria, hookworm and typhus were administered in hospitals as care changed from long term to diagnostic and curative. Hospital nurses played a vital role in new medical techniques.
The new Beth Israel Hospital opened on March 12, 1929. The building was thirteen stories tall, held four hundred beds, included advanced operating rooms and implemented social services to oversee the outpatient department. It included fully equipped labs in biochemistry, pathology, serology and bacteriology, as well as sophisticated X-Ray and fluoroscope facilities
|
|